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Origin of Rhythm and Blues

Origin of Rhythm and Blues (Part 6)

Rock and Roll: 1955 - 1963

From 1954 through 1956, white artists such as Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins, Bill Haley, and Dale Hawkins were producing records for white audiences. Somewhat as a backlash against black music, the white establishment promoted rockabilly as a "respectable" alternative for white teenagers. During this timeframe, legendary Sun records founder Sam Phillips focused exclusively on rockabilly and abandoned R&B to other record labels.

In 1954, Elvis Presley had the following songs issued on the Sun record label -
Elvis Presley, Scotty & Bill - (Sun 209 1954) That's All Right / Blue Moon Of Kentucky
Elvis Presley, Scotty & Bill - (Sun 210 1954) Good Rockin' Tonight / I Don't Care If The Sun Don't Shine

Who Produced The First Rock & Roll Record / Artist?

Often the question arises about which song, or artist, performed the first rock & roll record. Generally, rock and roll music evolved from the popular regional music that includes gospel, blues, rhythm and blues, country and western, and big band. Depending on whom you ask, the answer varies among Jackie Brenston & the Delta Cats - (Chess 1458 1951) "Rocket 88," which was perfomed by Ike Turner on piano, to Elvis Presley, Scotty & Bill - (Sun 209 1954) "That's All Right," and Chuck Berry - (Chess 1604 1955) "Maybelline," or Bill Haley and His Comets - (Decca 29124 1954) "Rock Around the Clock," Introduced in the 1955 movie, "Blackboard Jungle." Others say it was Bill Haley and His Comets - (Decca 29204 1954) "Shake, Rattle & Roll," that started it all. There is no single answer that will satisy all critics. But, without dispute, Elvis Presley was the first rock and roll artist to commercialize popular music to an extent never before seen in American history. Elvis Presley can be credited with indirectly causing the huge sale of guitars and record players in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s.

Chuck Berry - (Chess 1626 1956) Roll Over Beethoven - still states "Dig these rhythm and blues..." with no acknowldgement to the new rock and roll genre!

Who was the black artist who wrote and sang Rockabilly favorite "Linda Lu" (Jamie 1128 1959)?

Ray Sharpe.


Beginning in 1957, a television show named American Bandstand, hosted by Dick Clark, brought Rock & Roll, Rockabilly, and Doo Wop into the living rooms of American teenagers every weekday - Monday through Friday. This was likely the greatest promotional effort of its kind in history!

Northern white teenagers were unfamiliar with Chicago Blues, Mississippi Delta blues, R&B, and influences from black artists. National television had an homogenizing effect on American popular music. Teenagers wanted to be part of the crowd, and the crowd wanted Rock & Roll.

From 1957 to 1958, there were popular trends eroding the production of R&B music:

  1. Doo Wop (as puberty for baby boomers fueled the romantic ballad sung in group harmonies, instead of by solo singers)
  2. Rock & Roll gaining popularity
  3. American television, as a source for popular music
  4. Escalating costs to promote a record
  5. Dwindling interest in regional music
  6. Emergence of major "music centers:" Detroit (Motown), New York, Philadelphia (American Bandstand), and Los Angeles (later, American Bandstand relocated there). These centers controlled the money needed to record, produce, and distribute music nationally. Local record labels died a quick death, as locals could not afford to stay in business.

In New Orleans and the Delta, there were popular songs promoting the "new" Rock & Roll and foreshadowing the demise of R&B music:

  1. Bobby Mitchell - (Imperial 5378 1956) Try Rock & Roll
    An even earlier prediction of the future in music!!!
  2. Shirley & Lee - (Aladdin 3325 1956) Let the Good Times Roll
    New Orleans' anthem for a new generation
  3. Earl King - (Ace 564 1959) Everybody's Carried Away
    carried away by the new sound of Rock & Roll!!!
  4. Eddie Bo - (Ace 555 1958) I Love to Rock & Roll
  5. Chuck Berry - (Chess 1709 1958) Sweet Little Rock & Roller

Nationally, Ray Charles had a breakthrough hit (Atlantic vinyl LP 8006 1957 "Rock and Roll - Ray Charles") Album later retitled "Hallelujah I Love Her So:" tracks: Ain't That Love; Drown In My Own Tears; Come Back Baby; Sinner's Prayer; Funny (But I Still Love You); Losing Hand; A Fool For You; Hallelujah I Love Her So; Mess Around; This Little Girl of Mine; Mary Ann; Greenbacks; Don't You Know; I Got a Woman

This was a breakthrough album, putting Ray Charles on the map as a soul music visionary!!!

Ray Charles took the moniker "Soul Brother #1," a few years before the genre had taken foothold, and before James Brown's legendary Apollo performance in 1962.

Another black artist, Sam Cooke, broke all racial barriers when he released a song named "You Send Me" in 1957. Sam Cooke's music had strong gospel roots. He had a squeaky clean sound and style. He became a bridge between blacks and whites who equally adored his music. Sam Cooke continued to be a force in the Soul genre.

By 1959, major independent record labels began retreating from New Orleans due to economic hardship. The costs to promote a record became exhorbitant.

Another force on the national scene was a producer named Phil Spector. He developed the so-called "Wall of Sound." Further research may be done on Phil Spector and his influence on rock and roll from 1958 through 1964. After the so-called British Invasion in 1964 by the Beattles, American rock and roll declined as quickly as a penny thrown into a wishing well.

In addition to these forces eroding American Rock & Roll, other popular genres called "novelty" and "bubblegum" gained popularity. Examples:

  • Annette Funicello - (Disneyland F-118 1959) Tall Paul
  • Dodie Stevens - (Crystalette 724 1959) Pink Shoe Laces
  • The Kingsmen - (Wand 172 1965) The Jolly Green Giant

New Orleans Independent Record Labels (1961 - 1969)

If you have corrections regarding founders or dates, or specifics about a label, please send them here. Click Here To Send Additions or Corrections to the New Orleans' local record label information listed below.

  • A.F.O., started 1961 - New Orleans, LA - founders: Melvin Lastie and Harold Battiste
  • Alon, started circa 1965 - New Orleans, LA - founder Joe Banashak
  • Bandy, started circa 1961 - New Orleans, LA - founder Joe Banashak
  • Blue Jay, started circa 1964 - New Orleans, LA - founder Eddie Bocage (Bo)
  • Chase, started circa 1963 - New Orleans, LA - founder: Stanley Chaisson
  • Double L, started curca 1963 - New Orleans, LA - founders: Lloyd Price and Harold Logan
  • Dover, started 1966 - New Orleans, LA - founder: Cosimo Matassa
  • Frisco, started 1963 - New Orleans, LA - founders: Connie La Rocca and Hal Atkins
  • He'p Me, JB's started 1973 - New Orleans, LA - founder: Senator Jones
  • Hot Line, Nola label subsidiary, started 1964 - New Orleans, LA - founders: Earl King, Wardell Quezerque, Ulis Gaines and Clinton Scott
  • Instant, started 1959 - New Orleans, LA - founder: Joe Banashak
  • International City, started 1968 - New Orleans, LA - founder: Bobby Robin
  • KRC, started 1957 - New Orleans, LA - founders: Lloyd Price, Harold Logan and Bill Boskent
  • Minit, started 1959 - New Orleans, LA - founder: Joe Banashak
    Later sold to Imperial (Lew Chudd) in 1963
  • Nola, started 1964 - New Orleans, LA - founders: Wardell Quezerque, Ulis Gaines and Clinton Scott
  • Parlo, started 1966 - New Orleans, LA - founders: Warren Parker, Red Tyler, and George Davis
  • Pitassy, started 1963 - New Orleans, LA - founder: Jody Pitassy
  • Prigan, started 1961 - New Orleans, LA - founders: Lloyd Price and Harold Logan
  • Pzazz, started 1968 - New Orleans, LA - founder: Paul Gayten
  • Ric, started 1958 - New Orleans, LA - founder: Joe Ruffino
  • Ron, started 1958 - New Orleans, LA - founder: Joe Ruffino
  • Rex, started 1959 - New Orleans, LA - founder: Cosimo Matassa
  • Rip, started 1962 - New Orleans, LA - founder: Rippo Roberts
  • Sansu, Amy, Tou-Sea, Kansu started circa 1965- 1969 - New Orleans, LA - founders: Allen Touissaint and Marshall Sehorn
  • Scram, started circa 1969 - New Orleans, LA - founder Al Scramuzza
  • Seven B, started circa 1966 - New Orleans, LA - founder: Joe Banashak
  • Spinett, started circa 1959 - New Orleans, LA - founders: Frankie Ford, Joe Caronna
  • Watch, Johen started 1963 - New Orleans, LA - founder: Joe Assunto
    Producer: Wardell Quezerque
  • White Cliffs started circa 1959 - New Orleans, LA - founder: Marshall Sehorn; A&R man was Cosimo Matassa
  • Looking for information on these labels: Cinderella

Next page ..... Origin of Rhythm and Blues (Part 7)

Previous page ..... Origin of Rhythm and Blues (Part 5)


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